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Argon (alama Ar, lambar atomic 18) iskar gas ce mai daraja wadda aka bambanta ta da halayenta marasa launi, marasa wari, marasa dandano—halayen da ke sa ta zama lafiya ga muhallin da aka rufe ko aka killace. Tana dauke da kusan kashi 0.93% na yanayin duniya, tana da yawa fiye da sauran iskar gas masu daraja kamar neon (0.0018%) ko krypton (0.00011%), wanda hakan ke ba ta damar amfani da ita a manyan matakai. Kwanciyar sinadaranta ta samo asali ne daga cikakken harsashin electron na waje (electrons takwas masu darajar valence), wanda ke nufin kusan ba ta taɓa samar da mahadi tare da wasu abubuwa ba—ko da a yanayin zafi mai yawa ko kuma a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai tsanani. A yanayin zafi da matsin lamba na yau da kullun (STP), argon yana wanzuwa a matsayin iskar monatomic (wanda aka haɗa da atom guda ɗaya, ba kamar iskar diatomic ko nitrogen ba), tare da tafasar -185.8°C da kuma daskarewar -189.3°C. Waɗannan yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi suna nufin yana buƙatar ajiyar abubuwa masu ƙarfi, amma kuma suna sa ya zama mafi dacewa don amfani kamar kayan aiki masu sauƙin sanyaya, domin ba ya yin aiki da kayan ko da lokacin da aka sanyaya shi zuwa sifili.

Argon galibi ana raba shi daga iska ta hanyar raba shi da sassauƙa, tsari ne mai matakai da yawa. Da farko, ana tace iskar yanayi don cire ƙura, tururin ruwa, da carbon dioxide—ƙazanta waɗanda za su iya kawo cikas ga sanyaya ko gurɓata samfurin ƙarshe. Na gaba, ana matse iskar da aka tsarkake kuma a sanyaya ta a cikin na'urar musanya zafi, daga ƙarshe ta kai -200°C, wanda ke mayar da ita ruwa. Sannan ana tura wannan iskar ruwa zuwa wani babban hasumiyar tacewa, inda ake dumama ta a hankali. Saboda iskar gas daban-daban a cikin iska suna da wuraren tafasa na musamman—nitrogen yana tafasa a -195.8°C (ƙasa da argon), oxygen a -183°C (fiye da argon)—suna tururi a matakai daban-daban na hasumiyar. Iskar nitrogen tana tashi zuwa sama kuma ana tattara ta da farko, yayin da iskar oxygen take zama ruwa a ƙasa. Argon, tare da matsakaicin wurin tafasa, yana taruwa a tsakiyar hasumiyar, inda ake cire shi. Daga nan sai a aika argon da aka tattara ta hanyar mataki na biyu na tsarkakewa don cire duk wani nitrogen ko iskar oxygen da ya rage, wanda ke haifar da argon mai daraja ta masana'antu (99.99% tsarki) ko argon mai tsarki (99.999% tsarki) don amfani da fasaha mai zurfi.

Rashin ƙarfin Argon ya sa ya zama dole a cikin masana'antu da yawa. A fannin ƙarfe, iskar gas ce mai mahimmanci don kare hanyoyin walda kamar MIG (Metal Inert Gas) da walda TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas). Idan aka yi amfani da ita don walda ƙarfe kamar aluminum, bakin ƙarfe, ko titanium, yana ƙirƙirar shinge mai kariya a kusa da yankin walda, yana hana iskar shaka wadda za ta raunana haɗin gwiwa ko kuma haifar da lahani - yana da mahimmanci don ƙera firam ɗin mota, sassan jirgin sama, da kayan gini. Masana'antar lantarki ta dogara da argon mai tsarki don ƙera semiconductors: yayin da ake ajiye ƙananan yadudduka na ƙarfe ko silicon akan ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta, argon yana cika ɗakin samarwa, yana tabbatar da cewa babu barbashi na iska da ke gurɓata da'irori masu laushi. Bayan masana'antu masu nauyi, argon yana tsawaita rayuwar kwararan fitila masu ƙonewa ta hanyar rage fitar da tungsten filaments (rage tsawon kwan fitila biyu idan aka kwatanta da kwararan fitila masu cike da iska) kuma yana adana kayan tarihi - kamar tsoffin rubuce-rubuce ko yadi masu rauni - a cikin akwatunan nunin kayan tarihi, inda yake maye gurbin iskar oxygen don dakatar da ruɓewa. Haka kuma yana taka rawa a cikin shirya abinci, inda ake haɗa shi da sinadarin nitrogen don fitar da iskar oxygen, yana kiyaye kayan gasa, kayan ciye-ciye, da sabbin kayan lambu sabo na tsawon lokaci.

A fannin tattalin arziki, argon albarkatu ne mai matuƙar daraja saboda yawan buƙatarsa ​​da ƙarancin farashin samarwa. Tunda albarkatunsa iska ne—albarkatu marasa iyaka, kyauta—rage yawan amfani da iska yana da tasiri mai kyau, musamman idan aka haɗa shi da samar da nitrogen ko iskar oxygen (shuke-shuke da yawa suna samar da dukkan iskar gas guda uku a lokaci guda, wanda ke rage yawan amfani da iska). Ana darajar kasuwar argon ta duniya a kan dala biliyan 8 a kowace shekara, tare da ci gaba mai ɗorewa na 5-7% a kowace shekara. Wannan ci gaban yana faruwa ne ta hanyar masana'antu kamar kera motoci (yayin da samar da motocin lantarki ke ƙaruwa, yana buƙatar walda mai kyau), kayan lantarki (faɗaɗa masana'antar 5G da semiconductor), da makamashi mai sabuntawa (samar da panel ɗin rana yana amfani da argon don shafa ƙwayoyin photovoltaic). Ba kamar iskar gas mai araha ba (krypton yana kashe sau 10-20, xenon yana da sau 50-100), araha ta argon yana sa ya zama mai sauƙin amfani ga manyan masana'antu da ƙananan dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Yayin da ci gaban fasaha da kayayyakin more rayuwa na duniya ke ƙaruwa, ana sa ran buƙatar argon za ta ƙara ƙaruwa, wanda hakan ke ƙarfafa rawar da take takawa a matsayin babban mai taimakawa ci gaban masana'antu da sabbin fasahohi a duk duniya.

Idan kana son ƙarin bayani, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu cikin yardar kaina:

Tuntuɓi:Miranda Wei

Email:miranda.wei@hzazbel.com

Mujallar Mob/What's App/Muna Hira:+86-13282810265

WhatsApp:+86 157 8166 4197

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