| Samfura | Nitrogen |
| Tsarin kwayoyin halitta: | N2 |
| Nauyin kwayoyin halitta: | 28.01 |
| Abubuwan da ke cutarwa: | Nitrogen |
| Hadarin lafiya: | Abubuwan da ke cikin nitrogen a cikin iska ya yi yawa, wanda ke rage ƙarfin ƙarfin iskar shaka, yana haifar da hypoxia da shaƙatawa. Lokacin da maida hankali na iskar nitrogen bai yi yawa ba, mai haƙuri ya fara jin ƙirjin ƙirji, ƙarancin numfashi, da rauni; daga nan sai aka samu bacin rai, da tsananin tashin hankali, da gudu, da ihu, da rashin jin dadi, da rashin kwanciyar hankali. Ko suma. Shakar babban taro, marasa lafiya na iya yin suma da sauri kuma su mutu saboda numfashi da bugun zuciya. Lokacin da mai nutsewa ya maye gurbin da zurfi, tasirin maganin sa barci na nitrogen zai iya faruwa; idan an canza shi daga yanayin matsa lamba zuwa yanayin matsa lamba na al'ada, kumfa nitrogen za ta kasance a cikin jiki, damfara jijiyoyi, tasoshin jini, ko haifar da toshewar tashar jini, kuma "cututtukan nakasa" yana faruwa. |
| Hadarin ƙonewa: | Nitrogen baya ƙonewa. |
| Shaka: | Da sauri fita daga wurin zuwa iska mai dadi. Ajiye hanyar numfashi a bude. Idan numfashi yana da wahala, ba da iskar oxygen. Lokacin da bugun zuciya na numfashi ya tsaya, nan da nan yi numfashin wucin gadi da bugun zuciya da bugun kirji don neman magani. |
| Halayen haɗari: | Idan ya gamu da zazzabi mai zafi, matsa lamba na cikin akwati yana ƙaruwa, kuma yana cikin haɗarin fashewa da fashewa. |
| Abubuwan konewa masu cutarwa: | Nitrogen Gas |
| Hanyar kashe wuta: | Wannan samfurin baya ƙonewa. Cire kwandon daga wuta zuwa buɗaɗɗen wuri gwargwadon yiwuwa, kuma ruwan da ke fesa kwandon wutar yana yin sanyi har sai ƙarshen wutar ya ƙare. |
| Maganin gaggawa: | A yi gaggawar kwashe ma'aikatan da ke kwararar wuraren gurbatar yanayi zuwa iskar sama, da ware, tare da hana shigowa da fita sosai. Ana ba da shawarar cewa ma'aikatan jinya na gaggawa su sa kayan aikin numfashi masu isa da kansu da kayan aikin gabaɗaya. Gwada tushen zub da jini gwargwadon iko. Madaidaicin samun iska da hanzarta yadawa. Ya kamata a kula da kwandon yayyo da kyau, sannan a yi amfani da shi bayan gyarawa da dubawa. |
| Kariyar aiki: | Ayyukan damuwa. Ayyukan da suka damu suna ba da kyakkyawan yanayin samun iska. Dole ne mai aiki ya bi tsarin aiki sosai bayan horo na musamman. Hana zubar da iskar gas a wurin aiki. Sha kuma a sauke kaya a hankali yayin sarrafawa don hana lalacewa ga silinda da na'urorin haɗi. An sanye shi da kayan aikin jinya na gaggawa. |
| Kariyar ajiya: | Ajiye a cikin ɗakin ajiya mai sanyi, mai iska. Nisantar wuta da zafi. Kuken kada ya wuce 30 ° C. Dole ne a sami kayan aikin jinya na gaggawa a cikin wurin ajiya. |
| TLVTN: | ACGIH Suffocation gas |
| sarrafa injiniya: | Ayyukan damuwa. Samar da yanayi mai kyau na samun iska. |
| Kariyar numfashi: | Gabaɗaya ba a buƙatar kariya ta musamman. Lokacin da iskar oxygen a cikin iska a wurin aiki bai wuce 18% ba, dole ne mu sanya iskar iska, iskar oxygen ko abin rufe fuska mai tsayi. |
| Kariyar ido: | Gabaɗaya ba a buƙatar kariya ta musamman. |
| Kariyar jiki: | Saka tufafin aikin gama-gari. |
| Kariyar hannu: | Saka safofin hannu na kariya na gaba ɗaya. |
| Sauran kariya: | Kauce wa yawan numfashi. Shigar da tankuna, iyakantattun wurare ko sauran wuraren tattara hankali dole ne a sanya ido. |
| Babban sinadaran: | Abun ciki: babban-tsarki nitrogen ≥99.999 %; matakin masana'antu matakin farko ≥99.5 %; matakin sakandare ≥98.5%. |
| Bayyanar | Gas mara launi da wari. |
| Matsayi mai narkewa (℃): | -209.8 |
| Wurin tafasa (℃): | -195.6 |
| Yawan dangi (ruwa = 1): | 0.81 (-196 ℃) |
| Dangantakar yawan tururi (iska = 1): | 0.97 |
| Cikakken matsa lamba (KPA): | 1026.42 (-173 ℃) |
| Kona (kj/mol): | mara ma'ana |
| Matsakaicin zafin jiki (℃): | -147 |
| Matsin lamba (MPA): | 3.40 |
| Ma'anar walƙiya (℃): | mara ma'ana |
| Yanayin zafi (℃): | mara ma'ana |
| Babban iyaka na fashewa: | mara ma'ana |
| Ƙananan iyaka na fashewa: | mara ma'ana |
| Solubility: | Dan kadan mai narkewa a cikin ruwa da ethanol. |
| Babban manufar: | An yi amfani da shi don haɗa ammonia, nitric acid, wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman wakili mai kariya, wakili mai daskarewa. |
| Mugun guba: | Ld50: Babu bayani LC50: Babu bayani |
| Sauran illolin illa: | Babu bayani |
| Hanyar zubar da ciki: | Da fatan za a duba ƙa'idodin ƙasa da na gida masu dacewa kafin zubar. Ana fitar da iskar gas kai tsaye zuwa cikin yanayi. |
| Lambar kaya mai haɗari: | 22005 |
| Lambar UN: | 1066 |
| Rukunin marufi: | O53 |
| Hanyar shiryawa: | Karfe gas cylinder; akwatunan katako na yau da kullun a waje da kwalban ampoule. |
| Kariya don sufuri: | |
Yadda za a samu high tsarki nitrogen iskar daga Air?
1. Hanyar Rarraba Iskar Cryogenic
Hanyar rabuwa ta Cryogenic ta wuce fiye da shekaru 100 na ci gaba, kuma ya sami nau'o'in nau'o'in tsari daban-daban irin su babban ƙarfin lantarki, babban ƙarfin lantarki da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, matsakaicin matsa lamba, da cikakken tsarin wutar lantarki. Tare da haɓaka fasahar maki na iska na zamani da kayan aiki, an kawar da aiwatar da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki, matsa lamba mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin ƙarfi, da matsakaitan ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙarƙashin ƙananan ƙananan tsari tare da ƙananan amfani da makamashi da kuma samar da aminci ya zama zaɓi na farko don manyan na'urori masu ƙananan zafin jiki masu girma da matsakaici. Cikakken tsarin rarraba iska mai ƙarancin ƙarfi ya kasu kashi-kashi cikin matakan matsawa na waje da tsarin matsawa na ciki bisa ga hanyoyin haɗin kai daban-daban na samfuran oxygen da nitrogen. Cikakken tsarin matsawa na waje mai ƙarancin ƙarfi yana haifar da ƙarancin iskar oxygen ko nitrogen, sa'an nan kuma matsawa iskar gas ɗin da ake buƙata don samar da mai amfani ta hanyar kwampreso na waje. Cikakken matsa lamba a cikin ƙananan tsarin matsawa na ruwa oxygen ko ruwa nitrogen da aka samar ta hanyar distilled distillation ana karɓa ta hanyar famfo ruwa a cikin akwatin sanyi don yin tururi bayan matsa lamba da mai amfani ya buƙaci, kuma ana ba da mai amfani bayan sake yin zafi a cikin babban na'urar musayar zafi. Babban matakai shine tacewa, matsawa, sanyaya, tsarkakewa, supercharger, fadadawa, distillation, rabuwa, zafi - haɗuwa, da kuma samar da iskar iska ta waje.
2. Hanyar adsorption na matsa lamba (hanyar PSA)
Wannan hanya ta dogara ne akan iska mai matsa lamba azaman albarkatun ƙasa. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta azaman adsorbent. A ƙarƙashin wasu matsa lamba, ana amfani da bambanci a cikin shayar da iskar oxygen da nitrogen a cikin iska a cikin daban-daban sieves. A cikin tarin gas, ana aiwatar da rabuwar oxygen da nitrogen; kuma ana bincikar wakili mai shayarwa na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kuma an sake yin fa'ida bayan cirewar matsa lamba.
Baya ga sieves na kwayoyin, adsorbents kuma na iya amfani da alumina da silicone.
A halin yanzu, na'urar da aka saba amfani da ita ta hanyar yin amfani da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na nitrogen yana dogara ne akan iska mai iska, carbon kwayoyin sieve a matsayin adsorbent, kuma yana amfani da bambance-bambance a cikin iyawar adsorption, adadin adsorption, ƙarfin adsorption na oxygen da nitrogen a kan sieves na kwayoyin carbon da daban-daban danniya yana da halaye daban-daban na adsorption don cimma nasarar iskar oxygen da nitrogen. Da farko dai, iskar oxygen a cikin iska ana ba da fifiko ta hanyar ƙwayoyin carbon, waɗanda ke wadatar da nitrogen a cikin lokacin iskar gas. Don ci gaba da samun nitrogen, ana buƙatar hasumiya ta adsorption biyu.
Aikace-aikace
1. Abubuwan sinadarai na nitrogen suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma gabaɗaya ba sa amsa ga sauran abubuwa. Wannan inertial ingancin yana ba da damar yin amfani da shi sosai a yawancin yanayin anaerobic, kamar yin amfani da nitrogen don maye gurbin iska a cikin wani akwati na musamman, wanda ke taka rawa a cikin keɓancewa, ƙin wuta, fashewa-proof, da anticorrosion. Injiniyan LPG, bututun iskar gas da hanyoyin sadarwa masu ruwa da tsaki ana amfani da su akan aikace-aikacen masana'antu da farar hula [11]. Hakanan ana iya amfani da Nitrogen a cikin marufi na sarrafa abinci da magunguna azaman rufe iskar gas, igiyoyin rufewa, layukan tarho, da tayoyin roba masu matsewa waɗanda za su iya faɗaɗawa. A matsayin wani nau'i na kariya, ana maye gurbin nitrogen da ƙasa don rage lalata da ke haifar da lamba tsakanin ginshiƙan bututu da ruwan stratum.
2. High-tsarki nitrogen ana amfani da karfe narkewar simintin gyaran kafa don tace karfe narke don inganta ingancin simintin gyaran kafa. Gas, yadda ya kamata ya hana high zafin jiki hadawan abu da iskar shaka na jan karfe, kiyaye saman da jan karfe abu, da kuma soke pickling tsari. Gas tanderun gawayi na tushen nitrogen (abin da ke ciki shine: 64.1% N2, 34.7% CO, 1.2% H2 da ƙaramin adadin CO2) azaman iskar gas mai karewa a lokacin narkewar jan ƙarfe, don haka ana amfani da saman narke jan ƙarfe na samfurin.
3. Kimanin kashi 10% na nitrogen da ake samarwa azaman refrigerant, galibi sun haɗa da: yawanci mai laushi ko kamar roba -kamar ƙarfafawa, roba mai sarrafa ƙananan zafin jiki, ƙanƙanwar sanyi da shigarwa, da samfuran halittu, kamar adana jini na jini Cool a cikin sufuri.
4. Ana iya amfani da Nitrogen don haɗa nitric oxide ko nitrogen dioxide don ƙirƙirar acid nitric. Wannan hanyar masana'anta yana da girma kuma farashin yana da ƙasa. Bugu da kari, nitrogen kuma za a iya amfani da roba ammonia da karfe nitride.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-09-2023