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| Samfuri | Nitrogen |
| Tsarin kwayoyin halitta: | N2 |
| Nauyin kwayoyin halitta: | 28.01 |
| Sinadaran masu cutarwa: | Nitrogen |
| Haɗarin lafiya: | Yawan sinadarin nitrogen a cikin iska ya yi yawa, wanda hakan ke rage matsin lamba na iskar shaƙa, yana haifar da rashin isasshen iska da shaƙa. Idan yawan shaƙa nitrogen bai yi yawa ba, da farko majiyyaci ya ji matsewar ƙirji, ƙarancin numfashi, da rauni; sannan sai ga haushi, tsananin farin ciki, gudu, ihu, rashin jin daɗi, da kuma tafiya mara tabbas. Ko kuma suma. Shaƙa mai yawa, marasa lafiya na iya suma da sauri su mutu saboda numfashi da bugun zuciya. Lokacin da mai nutsewa ya maye gurbinsa da zurfi, tasirin sinadarin nitrogen na iya faruwa; idan aka canza shi daga yanayin matsin lamba mai yawa zuwa yanayin matsin lamba na yau da kullun, kumfa nitrogen zai yi girma a jiki, ya matse jijiyoyi, jijiyoyin jini, ko kuma ya haifar da toshewar jijiyoyin jini, kuma "cutar rage matsin lamba" ta faru. |
| Haɗarin ƙonewa: | Nitrogen ba ya ƙonewa. |
| Shaƙa: | Da sauri fita daga wurin zuwa iska mai kyau. A bar hanyar numfashi a buɗe. Idan numfashi yana da wahala, a ba da iskar oxygen. Idan bugun numfashi ya tsaya, nan da nan a yi aikin numfashi na roba da kuma tiyatar bugun zuciya ta kirji don neman magani. |
| Halaye masu haɗari: | Idan ya fuskanci zazzabi mai tsanani, matsin lamba na ciki na akwati yana ƙaruwa, kuma yana cikin haɗarin fashewa da fashewa. |
| Kayayyakin ƙonawa masu cutarwa: | Iskar Nitrogen |
| Hanyar kashe gobara: | Wannan samfurin ba ya ƙonewa. Yana lalata kwantena daga wuta zuwa wurin da aka buɗe gwargwadon iyawa, kuma ruwan da ke fesa kwantena na wuta yana sanyaya har sai ƙarshen wutar ya ƙare. |
| Maganin gaggawa: | A gaggauta kwashe ma'aikata a wuraren da gurɓataccen iska ke kwarara zuwa iskar sama, sannan a killace su, tare da takaita shiga da fita. Ana ba da shawarar cewa ma'aikatan gaggawa su sanya na'urorin numfashi masu inganci da kuma tufafin aiki na yau da kullun. A gwada tushen zubewar gwargwadon iko. Samun iska mai kyau da kuma hanzarta yaɗuwarta. Ya kamata a kula da akwatin zubewar yadda ya kamata, sannan a yi amfani da shi bayan an gyara da kuma duba shi. |
| Gargaɗin aiki: | Aiki mai damuwa. Ayyukan da suka shafi damuwa suna samar da yanayi mai kyau na iska ta halitta. Dole ne mai aiki ya bi ka'idojin aiki bayan horo na musamman. Hana zubar iskar gas a wurin aiki. A sha kuma a sauke a hankali yayin sarrafawa don hana lalacewar silinda da kayan haɗi. An sanye shi da kayan aikin gaggawa na zubar da ruwa. |
| Gargaɗin Ajiya: | A adana a cikin ma'ajiyar ajiya mai sanyi da iska. A guji wuta da zafi. Kuken bai kamata ya wuce digiri 30 na Celsius ba. Ya kamata a sami kayan aikin gaggawa na magance ɓullar ɓullar ɓullar ɓullar ɓullar ɓullar ɓoyayye a wurin ajiya. |
| TLVTN: | Iskar shaƙa ta ACGIH |
| sarrafa injiniya: | Ina da damuwa game da aiki. Samar da yanayi mai kyau na samun iska ta halitta. |
| Kariyar numfashi: | Gabaɗaya ba a buƙatar kariya ta musamman. Idan yawan iskar oxygen da ke cikin iska a wurin tiyata ya ƙasa da kashi 18%, dole ne mu sanya na'urorin numfashi na iska, na'urorin numfashi na iskar oxygen ko kuma dogon abin rufe fuska na bututu. |
| Kariyar ido: | Gabaɗaya ba a buƙatar kariya ta musamman. |
| Kariyar jiki: | Sanya tufafin aiki na yau da kullun. |
| Kariyar hannu: | Sanya safar hannu ta kariya daga aiki gaba ɗaya. |
| Sauran kariya: | A guji shaƙar iska mai yawa. Dole ne a sa ido kan shiga tankuna, wurare masu iyaka ko wasu wurare masu yawan iska. |
| Babban sinadaran: | Abun da ke ciki: sinadarin nitrogen mai tsafta ≥99.999%; matakin masana'antu na farko ≥99.5%; matakin sakandare ≥98.5%. |
| Bayyanar | Iskar gas mara launi da ƙamshi. |
| Ma'aunin narkewa (℃): | -209.8 |
| Tafasar ma'ana (℃): | -195.6 |
| Yawan dangi (ruwa = 1): | 0.81(-196℃) |
| Yawan tururi (iska = 1): | 0.97 |
| Matsi mai tururi mai cikakken ƙarfi (KPA): | 1026.42(-173℃) |
| Konewa (kj/mol): | ba shi da amfani |
| Yanayin zafi mai tsanani (℃): | -147 |
| Matsi mai tsanani (MPA): | 3.40 |
| Wurin walƙiya (℃): | ba shi da amfani |
| Zafin ƙonewa (℃): | ba shi da amfani |
| Babban iyakar fashewa: | ba shi da amfani |
| Ƙananan iyakokin fashewa: | ba shi da amfani |
| Narkewa: | Yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin ruwa da ethanol. |
| Babban dalili: | Ana amfani da shi wajen haɗa ammonia, nitric acid, wanda ake amfani da shi azaman wakili mai kariya daga abu, wakili mai daskarewa. |
| Guba mai tsanani: | Ld50: Babu bayani LC50: Babu bayani |
| Sauran illolin cutarwa: | Babu bayani |
| Hanyar kawar da shara: | Da fatan za a duba ƙa'idodin ƙasa da na gida kafin a zubar da su. Ana fitar da iskar gas ɗin kai tsaye zuwa sararin samaniya. |
| Lambar kaya mai haɗari: | 22005 |
| Lambar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: | 1066 |
| Nau'in marufi: | O53 |
| Hanyar shiryawa: | Silinda mai amfani da ƙarfe; akwatunan katako na yau da kullun a wajen kwalbar ampoule. |
| Gargaɗi game da sufuri: | |
Yaya ake samun iskar nitrogen mai tsarki daga iska?
1. Hanyar Rabuwa da Iska Mai Tsanani
Hanyar rabuwa ta Cryogenic ta shafe sama da shekaru 100 tana ci gaba, kuma ta fuskanci nau'ikan hanyoyin aiwatarwa daban-daban kamar babban ƙarfin lantarki, babban ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa da ƙasa, matsakaicin matsin lamba, da cikakken tsarin ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. Tare da haɓaka fasahar zamani da kayan aiki na iska, an kawar da tsarin injin tsabtace iska mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, babban matsin lamba mai yawa da ƙasa, da kuma injin tsabtace iska mai matsakaicin ƙarfi. Tsarin injin tsabtace iska mai ƙarancin ƙarfi tare da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi da samarwa mafi aminci ya zama zaɓi na farko ga na'urorin injin tsabtace iska masu ƙarancin zafi da manyan da matsakaici. Tsarin rarraba iska mai ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki cikakke an raba shi zuwa hanyoyin matsewa na waje da hanyoyin matsewa na ciki bisa ga hanyoyin matsewa daban-daban na samfuran iskar oxygen da nitrogen. Tsarin matsewa na waje mai ƙarancin matsin lamba cikakke yana samar da iskar oxygen ko nitrogen mai ƙarancin matsin lamba, sannan yana matse iskar gas ɗin zuwa matsin da ake buƙata don samar da mai amfani ta hanyar matsewa na waje. Cikakken matsin lamba a cikin tsarin matsewa mai ƙarancin matsin lamba Ana karɓar iskar oxygen mai ruwa ko nitrogen mai ruwa da aka samar ta hanyar distillation ta famfunan ruwa a cikin akwatin sanyi don tururi bayan matsin da mai amfani ya buƙata, kuma ana ba mai amfani bayan sake dumamawa a cikin babban na'urar musayar zafi. Manyan hanyoyin sune tacewa, matsewa, sanyaya jiki, tsarkakewa, supercharger, faɗaɗawa, narkar da iska, rabuwa, haɗuwa da zafi, da kuma samar da iskar da ba ta da amfani a waje.
2. hanyar shaƙar matsi (hanyar PSA)
Wannan hanyar ta dogara ne akan iska mai matsewa a matsayin kayan aiki. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da na'urar tantance ƙwayoyin halitta azaman mai sha. A ƙarƙashin wani matsin lamba, ana amfani da bambancin sha iskar oxygen da ƙwayoyin nitrogen a cikin iska a cikin na'urorin tace ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban. A cikin tarin iskar gas, ana aiwatar da rabuwar iskar oxygen da nitrogen; kuma ana bincika wakilin shaye-shayen ƙwayoyin halitta kuma ana sake yin amfani da shi bayan cire matsi.
Baya ga sifefun ƙwayoyin halitta, masu maye gurbin suna iya amfani da alumina da silicone.
A halin yanzu, na'urar yin transformer adsorption nitrogen da aka fi amfani da ita ta dogara ne akan iska mai matsewa, carbon molecular sieve a matsayin adsorbent, kuma tana amfani da bambance-bambancen da ke cikin ƙarfin adsorption, ƙimar adsorption, ƙarfin adsorption na oxygen da nitrogen akan carbon molecular sieves da kuma Different stress yana da halaye daban-daban na ƙarfin adsorption don cimma rabuwar oxygen da nitrogen. Da farko, carbon molecules suna ba da fifiko ga oxygen a cikin iska, wanda ke wadatar da nitrogen a cikin yanayin iskar gas. Domin samun nitrogen akai-akai, ana buƙatar hasumiyar adsorption guda biyu.
Aikace-aikace
1. Sifofin sinadarai na nitrogen suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma gabaɗaya ba sa amsawa ga wasu abubuwa. Wannan ingancin inertial yana ba da damar amfani da shi sosai a cikin mahalli da yawa na anaerobic, kamar amfani da nitrogen don maye gurbin iska a cikin wani takamaiman akwati, wanda ke taka rawa a cikin keɓewa, hana harshen wuta, hana fashewa, da hana lalata. Ana amfani da injiniyan LPG, bututun iskar gas da hanyoyin sadarwa na bronchial masu ruwa-ruwa don aikace-aikacen masana'antu da amfani da fararen hula [11]. Hakanan ana iya amfani da nitrogen a cikin marufi na abinci da magunguna da aka sarrafa kamar rufe iskar gas, kebul na rufewa, layukan waya, da tayoyin roba masu matsin lamba waɗanda za su iya faɗaɗawa. A matsayin wani nau'in kariya, sau da yawa ana maye gurbin nitrogen da ƙasa don rage lalata da aka samu ta hanyar hulɗa tsakanin ginshiƙin bututu da ruwan stratum.
2. Ana amfani da sinadarin nitrogen mai tsafta sosai a tsarin narkewar ƙarfe don tace narkewar ƙarfe don inganta ingancin yin amfani da shi. Gas, yana hana yawan iskar shaka ta jan ƙarfe a yanayin zafi mai yawa, yana kiyaye saman kayan jan ƙarfe, kuma yana kawar da tsarin yin amfani da shi. Iskar gas ɗin tanderu mai tushen nitrogen (abin da ke cikinta shine: 64.1%N2, 34.7%CO, 1.2%H2 da ƙaramin adadin CO2) a matsayin iskar gas mai kariya yayin narkewar jan ƙarfe, don haka ana amfani da saman narkewar jan ƙarfe a ingancin samfurin.
3. Kimanin kashi 10% na sinadarin nitrogen da ake samarwa a matsayin mai sanyaya iska, galibi ya haɗa da: yawanci laushi ko kuma kamar roba mai ƙarfi, robar sarrafa zafi mai ƙarancin zafi, matsewar sanyi da shigarwa, da samfuran halittu, kamar adana jini.
4. Ana iya amfani da sinadarin Nitrogen don haɗa sinadarin Nitrogen oxide ko nitrogen dioxide don ƙirƙirar sinadarin Nitrogen. Wannan hanyar kera tana da yawa kuma farashin yana da ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da sinadarin Nitrogen don haɗa sinadarin Ammonia da ƙarfe Nitrid.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-09-2023
