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Fasahar rabuwar iska ta Cryogenic tana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin samar da nitrogen mai tsafta da iskar oxygen a masana'antar zamani. Ana amfani da wannan fasaha sosai a masana'antu daban-daban kamar ƙarfe, injiniyan sinadarai, da likitanci. Wannan labarin zai zurfafa bincika yadda rabuwar iska ta cryogenic ke samar da isasshen nitrogen da oxygen, da mahimman matakai da kayan aikin da ke cikin tsari.

1. Ka'idodin asali na rabuwar iska na cryogenic

Cryogenic iska rabuwa tsari ne da ke raba manyan abubuwan da ke cikin iska ta hanyar rage yawan zafin jiki. Iska ya ƙunshi nitrogen, oxygen, da ƙaramin adadin argon. Ta hanyar matsawa da sanyaya iska zuwa ƙananan zafin jiki, iskar tana shayarwa, sa'an nan kuma ana amfani da wuraren tafasa daban-daban na kowane gas don distillation don raba nitrogen da oxygen. Tushen tafasa na nitrogen shine -195.8 ℃, kuma na oxygen shine -183 ℃, don haka ana iya tsarkake su daban ta hanyar distillation.

2. Matakin riga-kafi: tsarkakewar iska

A cikin tsarin rabuwar iska na cryogenic, riga-kafi na iska shine muhimmin mataki na farko. Iska ya ƙunshi ƙazanta irin su ƙura, carbon dioxide, da danshi, waɗanda za su daskare a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi, yana haifar da toshe kayan aiki. Sabili da haka, ana fara sanya iska ta hanyar tacewa, matsawa, da bushewa matakan cire datti da danshi. Yawanci, masu bushewa da masu tallan simintin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sune mahimman kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don cire ƙazanta daga iska, tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da ingantaccen tsarin rabuwar cryogenic na gaba.

3. Ciwon iska da sanyaya

Tsabtataccen iska yana buƙatar matsawa, yawanci ta hanyar compressors da yawa don ƙara matsa lamba na iska zuwa 5-6 megapascals. Ana sanyaya iskan da aka danne ta hanyar masu musayar zafi tare da iskar gas da aka dawo a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki, a hankali yana rage zafin jiki don kusanci wurin ruwa. A cikin wannan tsari, masu musayar zafi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, kamar yadda za su iya rage yawan amfani da makamashi yadda ya kamata da kuma inganta yanayin sanyi, tabbatar da cewa za a iya shayar da iska a ƙarƙashin ƙananan yanayin zafi, samar da yanayi don rabuwa na gaba.

4. Liquefaction na iska da distillation

A cikin hasumiyar rabuwa ta cryogenic, iska mai daskarewa da sanyaya yana ƙara sanyaya zuwa yanayin ruwa. Ana aika iska mai ruwa zuwa hasumiyar distillation don rabuwa. Hasumiyar distillation ta kasu kashi biyu: babban hasumiya mai ƙarfi da hasumiya mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. A cikin hasumiya mai matsananciyar matsa lamba, ana raba iskar zuwa ga danyen iskar oxygen da danyen nitrogen, sa'an nan kuma ana kara dill da danyen iskar oxygen da danyen nitrogen a cikin hasumiya mai karfin don samun isasshen iskar oxygen da nitrogen. A rabuwa da nitrogen da oxygen yafi utilizes su daban-daban jiki Properties na tafasasshen maki, don haka m rabuwa za a iya samu a distillation hasumiya.

5. Tsarin tsarkakewa

Oxygen da nitrogen da aka rabu a cikin hasumiya na distillation har yanzu suna dauke da ƙananan ƙazanta, don haka suna buƙatar ƙarin tsarkakewa don saduwa da ka'idojin masana'antu da na likita. Ana iya inganta tsaftar nitrogen ta hanyar samar da iskar hydrogen deoxygenation, yayin da ana iya samun tsarkin iskar oxygen ta hanyar sake distillation. Don inganta tsaftar iskar gas, ana amfani da kayan aiki irin su na'urorin tsabtace nitrogen da masu tsabtace iskar oxygen, a ƙarshe ana samun isasshen iskar oxygen da samfuran nitrogen.

6. Aikace-aikace na nitrogen da oxygen

High-tsarki nitrogen da oxygen samarwa ta hanyar fasahar rabuwar iska ta cryogenic ana amfani da su sosai a masana'antu da yawa. Ana amfani da nitrogen mai tsabta a cikin masana'antar sinadarai azaman iskar gas mai kariya da iskar gas, a cikin masana'antar abinci don adanawa da tattarawa, kuma ana amfani da iskar oxygen sosai a masana'antar likitanci da walda. A cikin masana'antar ƙarfe, ana kuma amfani da iskar oxygen don haɓaka haɓakar konewa da rage hayaƙin carbon. A cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, tsabtataccen iskar gas shine mabuɗin don ƙayyade yadda ake amfani da shi, kuma fasahar rabuwar iska ta cryogenic ta sami karɓuwa mai yawa don ingantaccen rabuwa da fitarwa mai tsabta.

7. Abũbuwan amfãni da kalubale na fasahar rabuwar iska na cryogenic

Cryogenic fasahar rabuwar iska yana da fifiko a cikin masana'antar masana'antu saboda babban tsabta da inganci. Koyaya, wannan fasaha kuma tana fuskantar wasu ƙalubale, kamar yawan amfani da makamashi da tsadar kayan aiki. Don rage yawan amfani da makamashi, kayan aikin rabuwar iska na zamani na cryogenic yawanci suna zuwa tare da ingantaccen tsarin ceton makamashi, kamar na'urorin dawo da zafi da tsarin sanyaya matakai masu yawa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, aikace-aikacen fasahar sarrafa sarrafa kansa ya inganta ingantaccen aiki da aminci na rukunin rabuwar iska mai zurfi na cryogenic. Ta hanyar haɓaka fasaha da haɓaka kayan aiki, ingantaccen makamashi da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin rabuwar iska mai zurfi na cryogenic an ci gaba da inganta su, suna haɓaka aikace-aikacen su a cikin masana'antu daban-daban.

Deep cryogenic iska rabuwa a halin yanzu daya daga cikin mafi tasiri hanyoyin don samar da high-tsarki nitrogen da oxygen. Yana raba yadda ya kamata kuma yana tsarkake iskar oxygen da nitrogen daga iska ta hanyar matakai da yawa kamar pre-jiyya na iska, matsawa, sanyaya, liquefaction, da distillation. Ko da yake zurfin cryogenic iska rabuwa tsari yana da babban makamashi amfani da hadaddun kayan aiki, da m rabuwa sakamako da high-tsarki samfurin fitarwa sa wannan fasaha ba makawa a cikin mahara masana'antu.

Anna Tel./Whatsapp/Wechat:+86-18758589723

Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com