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Nitrogen ruwa, tare da tsarin sinadarai N₂, ruwa ne mara launi, mara wari, kuma mara guba da ake samu ta hanyar shayar da nitrogen ta hanyar sanyaya mai zurfi. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin binciken kimiyya, magani, masana'antu, da daskarewar abinci saboda ƙarancin zafinsa da aikace-aikace iri-iri. Don haka, ta yaya ake samar da sinadarin nitrogen? Wannan labarin zai ba da cikakkiyar amsa ga wannan tambaya daga bangarori da yawa: hakar nitrogen, hanyar rabuwar iska mai zurfi, tsarin samar da nitrogen mai ruwa, da aikace-aikacen sa.

Nitrogen hakar

Samar da nitrogen mai ruwa yana buƙatar matakin farko na samun nitrogen mai tsafta. Nitrogen shine babban bangaren yanayin duniya, wanda ya kai kashi 78% na yawan iska. Ana fitar da nitrogen yawanci ta amfani da fasahar rabuwa mai sanyi mai zurfi ko hanyoyin adsorption na matsa lamba (PSA). Rabuwar iska mai zurfin sanyi ita ce hanyar masana'antu da aka fi amfani da ita. Ta hanyar matsawa da sanyaya iska, yana raba iskar oxygen, nitrogen, da sauran abubuwan iskar gas a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Hanyar adsorption na matsa lamba yana amfani da nau'ikan adsorbents daban-daban don iskar gas daban-daban, samun isasshen nitrogen mai tsafta ta hanyar sake zagayowar adsorption da desorption. Waɗannan hanyoyin suna tabbatar da tsabta da ingancin nitrogen a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa don tsarin samar da ruwa na nitrogen.

Hanyar rabuwar iska mai zurfi

Hanyar rabuwar iska mai zurfin sanyi shine ɗayan mahimman matakan samar da nitrogen mai ruwa. Wannan hanyar tana amfani da wuraren tafasa daban-daban na iskar gas a cikin iska don shayarwa kuma a hankali a cire nitrogen, oxygen, da sauran abubuwan gas. Matsakaicin tafasar nitrogen shine -195.8 ℃, yayin da na oxygen shine -183 ℃. Ta hanyar rage yawan zafin jiki a hankali, iskar oxygen ta fara fara shayarwa kuma an raba shi da sauran iskar gas, yana barin sauran sashin a matsayin mafi girman tsarkin nitrogen. Bayan haka, ana ƙara sanyaya wannan nitrogen a ƙasan wurin da yake tafasa don sanya shi cikin ruwa nitrogen, wanda shine ainihin tushen samuwar ruwa nitrogen.

Tsarin samar da ruwa nitrogen

Tsarin samar da nitrogen mai ruwa ya ƙunshi matakai masu yawa: Na farko, ana matsawa da tsaftace iska don cire datti kamar ruwa da carbon dioxide; sa'an nan, iska ne pre-sanyaya, yawanci zuwa kusa da -100 ℃ don inganta rabuwa yadda ya dace; na gaba, zurfin sanyi rabuwa ne da za'ayi, sannu a hankali sanyaya gas zuwa liquefaction zafin jiki na nitrogen don samun ruwa nitrogen gas. A cikin wannan tsari, masu musayar zafi da hasumiya mai juzu'i suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da ingantacciyar rabuwar sassa daban-daban a yanayin zafi da ya dace. A ƙarshe, ana adana iskar gas ɗin ruwa na nitrogen a cikin kwantena da aka kera na musamman don kula da ƙarancin zafinsa da kuma hana asarar tururi.

Kalubalen fasaha a cikin samuwar ruwa nitrogen

Samar da nitrogen mai ruwa yana buƙatar shawo kan ƙalubalen fasaha da yawa. Na farko shi ne kula da yanayin yanayin zafi mai ƙanƙanta, saboda wurin tafasar nitrogen mai ƙarancin gaske. A lokacin aikin liquefaction, ya zama dole don kula da zafin jiki a ƙasa -195.8 ℃, wanda ke buƙatar kayan aiki mai mahimmanci na refrigeration da kayan rufi. Abu na biyu, yayin aikin sanyi mai zurfi, dole ne a guje wa matsananciyar iskar oxygen saboda ruwa oxygen yana da kaddarorin oxidizing mai ƙarfi kuma yana haifar da haɗarin aminci. Sabili da haka, yayin aiwatar da tsari, dole ne a sarrafa tsarin rabuwar nitrogen-oxygen daidai, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da kayan da suka dace don tabbatar da aminci da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin. Bugu da ƙari, sufuri da ajiyar ruwa na nitrogen yana buƙatar ƙirar Dewar flasks na musamman don hana hawan zafin jiki da asarar vaporization na ruwa.

Haƙiƙanin aikace-aikacen ruwa nitrogen

Ƙarƙashin ƙarancin zafin jiki na nitrogen na ruwa ya sa ya zama mai amfani sosai a fannoni daban-daban. A cikin magani, ana amfani da nitrogen mai ruwa a cikin cryosurgery da adana nama, irin su daskarewar fata da adana samfuran halitta. A cikin masana'antar abinci, ana amfani da nitrogen mai ruwa don daskare abinci cikin sauri, saboda yanayin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi yana iya daskare abinci cikin sauri, yana rage lalacewar tsarin tantanin halitta kuma don haka kiyaye asalin dandano da abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin filin bincike, ana amfani da nitrogen mai ruwa sosai a cikin bincike mai zurfi, gwaje-gwajen kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙarancin zafin jiki, da sauransu, yana samar da yanayin gwaji mai ƙarancin zafi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin masana'antun masana'antu, ana amfani da nitrogen mai ruwa don sarrafa ƙarfe, maganin zafi, da kuma azaman iskar gas don hana wasu halayen sinadarai faruwa. Kammalawa

Tsarin samuwar nitrogen ruwa wani tsari ne na jiki mai rikitarwa, galibi ana samun shi ta hanyoyin rabuwar iska mai zurfin sanyi da fasahar sarrafa ruwa. Ƙarƙashin ƙarancin zafin jiki na nitrogen na ruwa ya sa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni daban-daban kamar masana'antu, magani, da bincike. Daga hakar iskar nitrogen zuwa ruwan sanyi mai zurfi kuma a ƙarshe zuwa aikace-aikacensa, kowane mataki yana nuna ƙarfin injin daskarewa da fasahar rabuwa. A cikin ayyuka na zahiri, masu fasaha kuma suna buƙatar ci gaba da haɓaka aikin samarwa don rage yawan kuzari da haɓaka haɓakar samar da ruwa ta nitrogen.

Mu masana'anta ne kuma masu fitar da na'urar rabuwar iska. Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da mu:

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